Madison sits next to 3 phonetic neighbors — Madeline, Addison, and Adrienne are the closest matches by sound. Most share Madison's English-origin cluster, so the rhythm and vowel shape carry across the list.
You searched for names like
"son of Maud, son of Matthew"
"rainbow"
"divine, heavenly"
"play, amusement"
"birthday (of the Lord)"
"strong, healthy, from the Latin valere"
"father's joy"
"bitter, from Latin amara"
"swift, agile"
"noble one, leader"
"pale, fair"
"tower; watchtower"
"strength"
"God will increase"
"from the town of Brielle"
"free man"
"son of Adam"
"free woman, free man"
"the paisley pattern, ornate beauty"
"pearl"
"famous, illustrious"
Similar sound: These names share phonetic patterns with Madison — similar vowel sounds, consonant clusters, or rhythm.
Shared roots: Several names on this list have English origins, giving them the same cultural heritage as Madison.
Rhythm: Madison is a 3-syllable name. Names with the same syllable count tend to feel interchangeable when you're narrowing your list.